Litigation - Inflation Reduction Act Tracker

This table records court cases that directly impact or implicate the climate change-related provisions of the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). The table can be sorted by case name, date filed, or IRA section and the data is available to be downloaded. The table is organized by individual case, although some entries may relate to each other. For example, when a case is brought up on appeal to a higher court, the appeal will be listed in a separate row but cross-referenced in the row for the original case.

In addition to this litigation table, litigation that relates to particular programs is also recorded on individual program pages in the IRA database.

Case	Case Title	Date Filed	IRA Section	Case Summary
Shapiro v. Department of the Interior	Shapiro v. Department of the Interior, 25-cv-763 (Eastern District of Pennsylvania)	02/13/2025	All	On February 13, 2025, Pennsylvania Governor and agencies filed a complaint to challenge OMB's memorandum directing agencies to immediately temporarily pause all grants, loans, and other federal assistance. On February 24, Governor Shapiro announced that all federal funds implicated in the lawsuit have been unfrozen. On August 13, Governor Shapiro filed a notice of voluntary dismissal of the case.
New York v. Trump	New York v. Trump, 25-cv-39 (District of Rhode Island)	01/28/2025	All	On January 28, 2025, New York and a coalition of other states filed a complaint to challenge OMB’s memorandum directing agencies to immediately temporarily pause all grants, loans, and other federal assistance. On March 6, the court issued a preliminary injunction to order the Trump administration to end the funding freeze. On March 10, President Trump filed an appeal of the preliminary injunction in the First Circuit Court of Appeals (see New York v. Trump, No. 25-1236). On April 4, the court granted plaintiffs' motion for enforcement of the preliminary injunction. On April 28, President Trump filed an appeal of the order to enforce the preliminary injunction.
National Council of Nonprofits v. Office of Management and Budget	National Council of Nonprofits v. Office of Management and Budget, 25-cv-239 (District of D.C.)	01/28/2025	All	On January 28, 2025, multiple nonprofits and associations filed a complaint to challenge OMB’s memorandum directing agencies to immediately temporarily pause all grants, loans, and other federal assistance. On February 25, the court issued a preliminary injunction to prevent OMB from implementing the memorandum. On April 14, OMB filed its answer. On April 24, OMB filed an appeal of the preliminary injunction in the DC Circuit Court of Appeals (see National Council of Nonprofits v. Office of Management and Budget, No. 25-5148).
New York v. Trump	New York v. Trump, 25-1236 (First Circuit Court of Appeals)	03/10/2025	All	On March 10, 2025, President Trump filed a notice of appeal of the preliminary injunction issued in New York v. Trump (No. 25-cv-39), which prevents OMB from implementing its funding freeze. On March 26, 2025, the court denied President Trump's request for a stay pending appeal of the preliminary injunction. On May 5, this appeal was consolidated with President Trump's appeal of the District Court's order to enforce the preliminary injunction. The federal government filed its brief on May 27. The plaintiffs filed their brief on July 18. Oral argument was held on November 18. On March 17, the court issued a judgment affirming in part and vacating in part the preliminary injunction, finding that the plaintiffs are likely to prevail on their APA arguments but not requiring disbursement of the funds.
Climate United Fund v. Citibank	Climate United Fund v. Citibank, 25-cv-698 (District of DC)	03/08/2025	60103	On March 8, 2025, Climate United Fund filed a lawsuit against Citibank and EPA for freezing $7 billion in grant funds and subsequently terminating Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund grant awards in violation of due process, the Administrative Procedure Act and the award agreement. On March 18, the court issued a temporary restraining order. On April 15, the court issued a preliminary injunction in the consolidated GGRF case preventing EPA from giving effect to its grant terminations and ordering Citibank to unfreeze plaintiffs' accounts. On April 15, EPA filed an appeal of the preliminary injunction in the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals (see Climate United Fund v. Citibank, No. 25-5122).
Coalition for Green Capital v. Citibank	Coalition for Green Capital v. Citibank, 25-cv-735 (District of DC)	03/12/2025	60103	On March 12, 2025, Coalition for Green Capital filed a lawsuit against Citibank and EPA for freezing $5 billion in grant funds and subsequently terminating Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund grant awards. On March 18, 2025, the court issued a temporary restraining order preventing EPA and Citibank from giving effect to EPA's notice of termination and from transferring the grant funds out of the Citibank account. On March 20, 2025, this case was consolidated with other GGRF lawsuits. For future updates, see Climate United Fund v. Citibank, No. 25-cv-698.
Power Forward Communities v. Citibank	Power Forward Communities v. Citibank, 25-cv-762 (District of DC)	03/14/2025	60103	On March 14, 2025, Power Forward Communities filed a lawsuit against Citibank and EPA for freezing $2 billion in grant funds and subsequently terminating Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund grant awards. On March 18, 2025, the court issued a temporary restraining order preventing EPA and Citibank from giving effect to EPA's notice of termination and from transferring the grant funds out of the Citibank account. On March 20, 2025, this case was consolidated with other GGRF lawsuits. For future updates, see Climate United Fund v. Citibank, No. 25-cv-698.
Woonasquatucket River Watershed Council v. USDA	Woonasquatucket River Watershed Council v. USDA, 25-cv-97 (District of Rhode Island)	03/13/2025	All	On March 13, 2025, four environmental and public interest organizations filed a complaint against USDA, DOE, DOI, EPA, HUD, and OMB for withholding Inflation Reduction Act and Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act funds. On April 15, the court issued a preliminary injunction ordering the federal government to release frozen funds. On April 30, the federal government filed an appeal of the preliminary injunction in the First Circuit Court of Appeals (see Woonasquatucket River Watershed Council v. USDA, No. 25-1428). On January 28, 2026, the parties filed a joint status report in which the plaintiffs reported that HUD had continued to remain out of compliance months after the preliminary injunction.
Sustainability Institute v. Trump	Sustainability Institute v. Trump, 25-cv-2152 (District of South Carolina)	03/19/2025	All	On March 19, 2025, several nonprofit organizations filed a lawsuit against President Trump to challenge his executive order, Unleashing American Energy (Jan. 20, 2025), which ordered a freeze of all funding awarded under the IRA, among other things. On April 29, the court issued an order on jurisdictional issues which also provided limited injunctive relief preventing EPA from freezing or terminating additional grants without court approval. On May 20, the court issued an order granting relief for the plaintiffs on several claims that the government no longer contests, and granting the plaintiffs' motion for a preliminary injunction on the remaining grants. On May 21, the government filed an appeal of both orders in the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals (see Sustainability Institute v. Trump, No. 25-1575). On May 27, the government filed a motion to dismiss. On August 19, the court stayed the case pending resolution of the appeal. On February 4, 2026, the court directed the plaintiffs to advise the court whether they intend to litigate on remand in light of the Court of Appeals' decision on the appeal. On March 5, the plaintiffs filed a memorandum regarding the proceedings on remand. On April 21, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint and motion for partial summary judgment. On May 5, the federal government filed a motion to dismiss and answer.
California Infrastructure and Economic Development Bank v. Citibank	California Infrastructure and Economic Development Bank v. Citibank, 25-cv-820 (District of DC)	03/19/2025	60103	On March 19, 2025, attorneys general from California, Illinois, Maine, and New York filed a complaint against Citibank and EPA for illegally withholding Greenhouse Gas Reduction Funds to "green banks" operated by the states. On March 24, 2025, the plaintiffs filed a motion for a preliminary injunction against the EPA and Citibank's GGRF grant disbursement freeze. On March 25, 2025, this case was consolidated with other GGRF lawsuits. For future updates, see Climate United Fund v. Citibank, No. 25-cv-698.
Cultivate KC v. USDA (formerly Butterbee Farm v. USDA)	Cultivate KC v. USDA (formerly Butterbee Farm v. USDA), 25-cv-737 (District of DC)	03/13/2025	21002, 22002, 22007, 23003	On March 13, 2025, farmers and nonprofit organizations sued USDA to compel the agency to unfreeze funds awarded under four IRA programs. On May 19, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. On June 2, USDA filed its answer to the amended complaint. On July 18, the plaintiffs filed a motion for summary judgment. On August 17, USDA filed a cross-motion for summary judgment. On March 25, the court stayed the case pending the appeal in Climate United Fund and related cases.
Inclusiv v. EPA	Inclusiv v. EPA, 25-cv-948 (District of DC)	03/31/2025	60103	On March 31, Inclusiv filed a complaint against EPA and Citibank for unlawfully withholding and terminating its Clean Communities Investment Accelerator grant through the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund. On April 1, Inclusive filed a motion for a preliminary injunction. On April 15, this case was consolidated with other GGRF lawsuits. For future updates, see Climate United Fund v. Citibank, No. 25-cv-698.
Justice Climate Fund v. EPA	Justice Climate Fund v. EPA, 25-cv-938 (District of DC)	03/31/2025	60103	On March 31, 2025, Justice Climate Fund filed a complaint for injunctive relief against EPA, arguing that EPA wrongfully withheld Clean Communities Investment Accelerator funds under the Inflation Reduction Act's Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund. On April 2, Justice Climate Fund filed a motion for a preliminary injunction. On April 15, this case was consolidated with other GGRF lawsuits. For future updates, see Climate United Fund v. Citibank, No. 25-cv-698.
Green & Healthy Homes Initiative v. EPA	Green & Healthy Homes Initiative v. EPA, 25-cv-1096 (District of Maryland)	04/02/2025	60201	On April 2, 2025, three non-profit organizations who were selected as regional grantmakers under the Thriving Communities Grantmaking Program filed a complaint against EPA to challenge EPA's termination of their grant awards. On June 17, the court granted the plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment and set aside EPA's terminations of their grants. On July 16, the government filed an appeal of the summary judgment in the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals (see Green & Healthy Homes Initiative v. EPA, No. 25-1808).
Hoffman v. Department of Treasury	Hoffman v. Department of Treasury, 25-cv-4003 (District of Kansas)	01/15/2025	13701, 13102, 13801	On January 15, 2025, three individuals filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Department of Treasury and local government parties for implementing the IRA's renewable energy tax credits in violation of the National Environmental Policy Act with respect to renewable projects in Kansas. On July 1, 2025, the court granted the defendants' motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim and for lack of standing, and entered a judgment for the defendants. On August 6, Hoffman filed an appeal of the judgment in the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals (see Hoffman v. Department of Treasury, No. 25-3131).
Climate United Fund v. Citibank	Climate United Fund v. Citibank, 25-5122 (D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals)	04/15/2025	60103	On April 15, 2025, EPA filed a notice of appeal of the preliminary injunction issued in Climate United Fund (No. 25-cv-698), which prevents EPA and Citibank from terminating and freezing Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund grants while the case is pending. On April 16, the court issued a partial administrative stay of the district court's preliminary injunction. On September 2, the court issued its decision, setting aside the district court's preliminary injunction. On December 17, the court granted the plaintiffs' petition for a rehearing en banc and vacated the court's September 2 decision. The April 16 partial administrative stay remains in effect. The federal government filed its brief on January 9, 2026. On January 16, 23 Republican state attorneys general filed an amicus brief in support of the federal government. The plaintiffs filed their brief on February 2. On February 9, several members of Congress filed an amicus brief in support of the plaintiffs. Oral argument was held on February 24. On March 9, the court requested supplemental briefing from the parties, which all parties submitted on March 19.
Opportunity Finance Network v. Citibank	Opportunity Finance Network v. Citibank, 25-cv-1208 (District of DC)	04/21/2025	60103	On April 21, 2025, Opportunity Finance Network filed a complaint against EPA and Citibank for unlawfully withholding and terminating its Clean Communities Investment Accelerator grant through the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund. On May 14, this case was consolidated with other GGRF lawsuits. For future updates, see Climate United Fund v. Citibank, No. 25-cv-698.
National Council of Nonprofits v. Office of Management and Budget	National Council of Nonprofits v. Office of Management and Budget, 25-5148 (D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals)	04/25/2025	All	On April 24, 2025, OMB filed a notice of appeal in the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals of the preliminary injunction issued by the District Court for the District of Columbia in National Council of Nonprofits v. Office of Management and Budget (No. 25-cv-239), which prevents OMB from implementing its funding freeze. OMB filed its brief on September 19 and National Council of Nonprofits filed its brief on December 19. Oral argument was held on February 6, 2026.
Woonasquatucket River Watershed Council v. USDA	Woonasquatucket River Watershed Council v. USDA, 25-1428 (First Circuit Court of Appeals)	04/30/2025	All	On April 30, 2025, the federal government filed a notice of appeal in the First Circuit Court of Appeals of the preliminary injunction issued by the District Court in Woonasquatucket River Watershed Council v. USDA (No. 25-cv-97). The federal government filed its brief on August 6. The plaintiffs filed their brief on September 29. Oral argument was held on February 5, 2026.
Sustainability Institute v. Trump	Sustainability Institute v. Trump, 25-1575 (Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals)	05/21/2025	All	On May 21, the government filed a notice of appeal of multiple orders issued by the District Court in Sustainability Institute v. Trump (No. 25-cv-2152). On May 22, the government filed a motion to stay the District Court orders pending appeal. On June 5, the court stayed the preliminary injunction. On June 10, Sustainability Institute filed a petition for rehearing en banc. On June 20, the government filed its brief. On July 7, Sustainability Institute filed its brief. Oral argument was held on October 23. On January 21, 2026, the court issued an opinion vacating the district court's preliminary and permanent injunctions, finding the district court lacked jurisdiction and the proper forum for the plaintiffs' claims is the Court of Federal Claims.
Lighthiser v. Trump	Lighthiser v. Trump, 25-cv-54 (District of Montana)	05/29/2025	All	On May 29, 2025, a coalition of youth plaintiffs filed a complaint against President Trump to challenge Executive Orders 14154, 14156, and 14261. The plaintiffs argue that the executive orders violate the Fifth Amendment substantive due process clause by depriving the plaintiffs of their fundamental rights to life and liberty, and are ultra vires, in part because they "illegally amended, repealed, rescinded, and circumvented the duly enacted . . . Inflation Reduction Act." On June 13, the plaintiffs filed a motion for preliminary injunction. On August 4, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss. On October 15, the court dismissed the case for lack of jurisdiction. On October 20, the plaintiffs filed an appeal in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals (see Lighthiser v. Trump, No. 25-6714).
Urban Sustainability Directors Network v. USDA	Urban Sustainability Directors Network v. USDA, 25-cv-1775 (District of DC)	06/05/2025	23003	On June 5, 2025, Urban Sustainability Directors Network and other organizations filed a lawsuit against USDA to challenge the termination of grant awards, including awards made under the IRA's forestry conservation programs. On August 14, the court partially granted the plaintiffs' motion for a preliminary injunction, enjoining USDA's termination of awards. On August 29, USDA filed its answer. On October 10, USDA filed an appeal of the partial preliminary injunction in the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals (see Urban Sustainability Directors Network v. USDA, No. 25-5370).
Appalachian Voices v. EPA	Appalachian Voices v. EPA, 25-cv-1982 (District of DC)	06/25/2025	60201	On June 25, 2025, a coalition of non-profits filed a lawsuit on behalf of themselves and a class of similarly situated grantees against EPA to challenge the termination of the plaintiffs' Environmental and Climate Justice Block Grants. On June 27, the plaintiffs filed a motion for a preliminary injunction and a motion to certify a class. On July 7, 2025, several Democrat-led states submitted an amicus brief in support of plaintiff environmental organizations' motion for a preliminary injunction. On July 14, EPA filed a motion to dismiss. On August 29, the court denied the plaintiffs' motion for a preliminary injunction and to certify a class, and granted EPA's motion to dismiss the case. On September 16, the plaintiffs filed an appeal of the decisions in the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals (see Appalachian Voices v. EPA, No. 25-5333). On September 25, the court denied plaintiffs' emergency motion for an injunction pending appeal.
Green & Healthy Homes Initiative v. EPA	Green & Healthy Homes Initiative v. EPA, 25-1808 (Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals)	07/16/2025	60201	On July 16, 2025, the federal government filed a notice of appeal of the summary judgment issued by the District Court in Green & Healthy Homes Initiative (No. 25-cv-1096). The federal government filed its brief on February 13, 2026. The plaintiffs submitted their brief on May 12.
Independent Petroleum Association of America v. EPA	Independent Petroleum Association of America v. EPA, 25-1021 (D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals)	01/15/2025	60113	On January 15, 2025, several states and industry groups filed a petition for review of EPA's final rule to implement the methane waste emissions charge created by the IRA. On May 23, the court granted the plaintiffs unopposed motions to dismiss the case as moot.
American Free Enterprise Chamber of Commerce v. Nishida	American Free Enterprise Chamber of Commerce v. Nishida, 25-cv-67 (Western District of Michigan)	01/17/2025	60113	On January 17, 2025, industry groups filed a complaint alleging that the IRA's methane waste emissions charge is unconstitutional. On May 21, the plaintiffs filed a notice of voluntary dismissal of the case.
Sierra Club v. DOT	Sierra Club v. DOT, 25-cv-6221 (Northern District of California)	07/24/2025	60506	On July 24, 2025, the Sierra Club filed a complaint alleging DOT violated the Freedom of Information Act by failing to produce records related to the agency's freeze of federal funding for the IRA's Low-Carbon Transportation Materials program and two Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act programs. On December 3, DOT filed its answer.
Building Materials Re-Use Association v. EPA	Building Materials Re-Use Association v. EPA, 25-cv-2493 (District of DC)	07/31/2025	60112	On July 31, 2025, Building Materials Re-Use Association filed a lawsuit against EPA to challenge the termination of the program authorized by IRA section 60112 and a grant award made under the program. On December 8, 2025, the court stayed the case pending resolution of related cases, pursuant to the plaintiffs' request.
Hoffman v. Department of Treasury	Hoffman v. Department of Treasury, 25-3131 (10th Circuit Court of Appeals)	08/06/2025	13701, 13102, 13801	On August 6, 2025, Hoffman filed a notice of appeal of the judgment issued by the District Court in Hoffman v. Department of the Treasury (No. 25-cv-4003).
Washington v. Department of Commerce	Washington v. Department of Commerce, 25-cv-1507 (Western District of Washington)	08/08/2025	40001	On August 8, 2025, Washington state filed a lawsuit against the Department of Commerce and NOAA to challenge the termination of two federal funding awards, one of which was funded by IRA section 40001 for climate resilience projects in Washington. On October 22, the court granted Washington's motion for a preliminary injunction. On January 20, 2026, the plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the case, reportedly because of the "ever-changing legal landscape surrounding funding terminations."
Ovanova Construction Services v. USDA	Ovanova Construction Services v. USDA, 25-cv-2843 (District of DC)	08/25/2025	22002	On August 25, 2025, applicants for Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) grants sued the USDA for using an unlawful and arbitrary process for evaluating and awarding REAP grants. The REAP program was funded partially by IRA section 22002. On March 2, 2026, the USDA filed a motion to dismiss.
Appalachian Voices v. EPA	Appalachian Voices v. EPA, 25-5333 (D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals)	09/16/2025	60201	On September 16, the plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal of the decisions issued by the District Court in Appalachian Voices v. EPA (25-cv-1982) to deny their motion for a preliminary injunction and grant the government's motion to dismiss. The plaintiffs filed their brief on October 27. The government filed its brief on January 7, 2026. Oral argument was held on March 16.
Rhode Island AFL-CIO v. EPA	Rhode Island AFL-CIO v. EPA, 25-cv-510 (District of Rhode Island)	10/06/2025	60103	On October 6, 2025, labor and other organizations filed a complaint against EPA for unlawfully terminating the Solar for All program in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act and the Constitution. On December 1, EPA filed a motion to transfer the case to the DC District Court. The plaintiffs oppose the motion. On February 6, the plaintiffs submitted a motion for summary judgment. On March 6, EPA filed a cross-motion for summary judgment.
Harris County, Texas v. EPA	Harris County, Texas v. EPA, 25-cv-3646 (District of D.C.)	10/13/2025	60103	On October 13, 2025, Harris County, Texas filed a complaint against EPA for unlawfully terminating the Solar for All program in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act and the Constitution. On October 24, Harris County filed a motion for a preliminary injunction. On January 30, 2026, the plaintiffs filed a motion for summary judgment. On February 11, 84 Congressional Democrats wrote an amicus brief in support of Harris County. On February 20, the EPA filed a cross-motion for summary judgment. On March 12, EPA filed a motion to stay the case pending the appeal in Climate United Fund.
Arizona v. EPA	Arizona v. EPA, 25-cv-2015 (Western District of Washington)	10/16/2025	60103	On October 16, 2025, a coalition of states filed a complaint against EPA for unlawfully terminating the Solar for All program in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act and the Constitution. On November 14, the plaintiffs filed a motion for a preliminary injunction. Oral argument was held on January 8, 2026. On February 19, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. On February 24, the plaintiffs filed a motion for summary judgment. On March 17, EPA filed a cross-motion for summary judgment.
Maryland Clean Energy Center v. United States	Maryland Clean Energy Center v. United States, 25-cv-1738 (Court of Federal Claims)	10/15/2025	60103	On October 15, 2025, a coalition of states filed a complaint against the United States for terminating Solar for All grant awards in breach of contract, and seeking monetary damages. On December 9, the government filed a motion to stay pending the outcome of Arizona v. EPA (No. 25-cv-2015). Oral argument was held on January 21, 2026. On the same day, the court granted defendants' motion to stay the case. On April 20, the court issued a minute order lifting the stay. On April 30, the United States filed its answer. On May 7, the plaintiffs filed a motion for partial summary judgment.
Urban Sustainability Directors Network v. USDA	Urban Sustainability Directors Network v. USDA, 25-5370 (D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals)	10/17/2025	23003	On October 17, 2025, USDA filed an appeal of the partial preliminary injunction issued by the District Court in Urban Sustainability Directors Network v. USDA (No. 25-cv-1775). On December 5, the court granted the plaintiffs' motion to hold the case in abeyance pending the outcome of similar cases, including Climate United Fund v. Citibank.
Rhode Island AFL-CIO v. EPA	Rhode Island AFL-CIO v. EPA, 25-1216 (D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals)	10/20/2025	60103	On October 20, 2025, the plaintiffs from Rhode Island AFL-CIO v. EPA (No. 25-cv-510) also filed a petition for review of EPA's decision to terminate Solar for All funding. This is a protective petition filed in case the Court of Appeals determines it to be the appropriate venue for this lawsuit rather than the District Court. The case is currently being held in abeyance.
Arizona v. EPA	Arizona v. EPA, 25-1218 (D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals)	10/20/2025	60103	On October 20, 2025, the plaintiffs from Arizona v. EPA (No. 25-cv-2015) also filed a petition for review of EPA's decision to terminate Solar for All funding. This is a protective petition filed in case the Court of Appeals determines it to be the appropriate venue for this lawsuit rather than the District Court. The case is currently being held in abeyance.
Lighthiser v. Trump	Lighthiser v. Trump, 25-6714 (9th Circuit Court of Appeals)	10/23/2025	All	On October 23, 2025, the youth plaintiffs appealed the District Court's decision in Lighthiser v. Trump (No. 25-cv-54) to dismiss their complaint. On January 12, 2026, the youth plaintiffs filed their brief. Oral argument was held on April 13.